{"id":271,"date":"2026-05-05T05:16:40","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T05:16:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/?post_type=product&p=271"},"modified":"2026-05-05T05:21:31","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T05:21:31","slug":"hop-so-xe-dien-ep-ea02","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/vi\/san-pham\/hop-so-xe-dien-ep-ea02\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n EP-EA02"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

H\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n EP-EA02: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

H\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, mang l\u1ea1i m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n Colombia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n

1. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nGi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
T\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1eabu<\/td>\nH\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n EP-EA02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1<\/td>\nB\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n8.2:1 \/ 10.03:1 \/ 11.86:1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/td>\nT\u1eeb 80 Nm (t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p) \u0111\u1ebfn 105 Nm (t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n cao)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/td>\n10000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e2m b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng<\/td>\n161 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/td>\n\u2265 96% tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00edn A00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\n370 \u00d7 154 \u00d7 234 mm (D\u00e0i \u00d7 R\u1ed9ng \u00d7 Cao)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng<\/td>\nTh\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim crom-mangan-titan 20CrMnTi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng<\/td>\nT\u00f4i th\u1ea5m cacbon v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/td>\nHRC 58-62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c<\/td>\nV\u00f2ng bi c\u1ea7u r\u00e3nh s\u00e2u k\u00edn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c<\/td>\nL10 \u2265 20000 gi\u1edd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n<\/td>\nB\u00f4i tr\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u0103ng d\u1ea7u h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n<\/td>\nD\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p SAE 75W-90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n<\/td>\n0,8 l\u00edt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb -20\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn +60\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 \u1edf<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00fac ADC12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/td>\nKho\u1ea3ng 18 kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\"h\u1ed9p<\/p>\n

\n
\n

2. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n
\n
\n

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

Ba c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1edbp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a xe, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1i Colombia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i<\/h3>\n

Duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean 96% nh\u1edd ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h3>\n

H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u00ean \u200b\u200b\u0111\u1ebfn 10000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, mang l\u1ea1i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n

V\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 370 x 154 x 234 mm v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e2m 161 mm, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n trong kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a khung g\u1ea7m xe, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i xe th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/h3>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 A00 v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng bi k\u00edn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i gio\u0103ng gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i \u1ea9m, b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0103n m\u00f2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Colombia, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n

3. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n
\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong. Trong khi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn h\u1eefu \u00edch trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00f2ng quay h\u1eb9p, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i ngay t\u1eeb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p thay v\u00ec h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n EP-EA02 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng xo\u1eafn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cao xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u00e2n m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a xe, l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n l\u0103n, l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng d\u1ed1c g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e1i xe \u1edf Colombia.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n EP-EA02 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn th\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn cao t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. H\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t quay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu th\u00f4ng qua tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u00eda, truy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y qua c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng xo\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 r\u01a1 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean cho tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 vi sai ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5m b\u00e1nh xe. T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, trong khi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh xe t\u1ea1i Colombia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb ba t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, cho d\u00f9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 giao h\u00e0ng trong \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e1i xe h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c li\u00ean t\u1ec9nh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Colombia.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n EP-EA02 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba m\u00e0i m\u00f2n s\u1edbm, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m \u1ed5 bi k\u00edn lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5 bi, ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 v\u1ecf nh\u00f4m cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, b\u1ed9 ly h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9a \u00edt th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh qua h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u gi\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh xe \u0111i\u1ec7n Colombia so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00edn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean trong kh\u1ecfi b\u1ee5i, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Colombia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

4. N\u0103m l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n
\n
\n

4.1. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

Vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3m 8.2, 10.03 v\u00e0 11.86 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p xe h\u01a1i t\u1ea1i Colombia ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xe ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c, t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n trung b\u00ecnh mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e1i xe th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Colombia, v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c xe th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00fai xung quanh Bogota, Medellin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng cao kh\u00e1c. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb \u00f4 t\u00f4 nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn 800 kg \u0111\u1ebfn xe t\u1ea3i giao h\u00e0ng 2000 kg, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 kilowatt, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb xe \u0111i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

4.2. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai: Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong ng\u00e0nh<\/h3>\n

V\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 96%, h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n EP-EA02 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 Colombia. M\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t do chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 pin lithium v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Colombia. L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1t dung sai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 6 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n DIN, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u r\u0103ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, v\u00f2ng bi l\u0103n cao c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi ma s\u00e1t b\u00ean trong t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Colombia, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch pin, gi\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t pin nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n, \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

4.3. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 ba: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

Trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh hai t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a EP-EA02 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam, chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p kh\u1edbp ly h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u00f2n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n van \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh logic chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh xe t\u1ea1i Colombia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u1edbi \u00edt b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn hao m\u00f2n h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1edbi \u00edt ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n h\u01a1n, chi ph\u00ed mua th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. D\u1ea3i m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

4.4. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: T\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf xe<\/h3>\n

V\u1ecf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 370 x 154 x 234 mm v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t b\u00edch g\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh chi\u1ebfm th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trong khung g\u1ea7m. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf xe d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t h\u01a1n cho ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c khoang ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng, d\u00e0nh th\u00eam th\u1ec3 t\u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t pin \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n n\u1eafp ca-p\u00f4 th\u1ea5p gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng xe hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Colombia sang h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong v\u00e0 h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 gang gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a xe, trong khi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m th\u1ea5p g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00fai hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c cao \u1edf Colombia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

4.5. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 n\u0103m: \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u00f4ng qua thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/h3>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. V\u1edbi \u00edt b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c linh ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m, \u00edt ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n, chu k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ecf k\u00edn v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 A00 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i chu k\u1ef3 thay th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng bi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 20.000 gi\u1edd d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9i xe Colombia \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t coi tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady do t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ee7a xe th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c xe ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh giao h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o doanh thu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\"h\u1ed9p<\/p>\n

\n
\n

5. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n
\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong xe \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n EP-EA02. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 \u0111a c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y stato, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb quay t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang trong c\u1ee5m r\u00f4to. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn quay li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n do b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cung c\u1ea5p, l\u1ea5y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 pin v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p ga v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe.<\/p>\n

R\u00f4to \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng qua kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i r\u0103ng c\u01b0a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, truy\u1ec1n m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho dung sai l\u1ec7ch nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t. B\u00ean trong v\u1ecf nh\u00f4m k\u00edn, tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o mang b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi r\u0103ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c \u0103n kh\u1edbp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c trung gian. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 \u0103n kh\u1edbp d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u r\u0103ng, gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac r\u0103ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ra, trong khi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c cao h\u01a1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee5c trung gian h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn mong mu\u1ed1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Colombia ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ra, tr\u1ee5c n\u00e0y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u vi sai c\u1ee7a xe, c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o b\u00e1nh xe t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n nh\u1edd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103ng b\u1eafn do c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng quay t\u1ea1o ra, ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0103n kh\u1edbp m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Colombia ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ecf k\u00edn bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gio\u0103ng, ph\u1edbt m\u00f4i tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed gi\u00fap th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n h\u01a1i \u1ea9m, b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n Caribe ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 kh\u00ed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, dung sai s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n EP-EA02 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Colombia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n

6. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n
\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i Colombia. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim 20CrMnTi, m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t crom-mangan-titan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00f5i c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p, ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5m cacbon khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n 950 \u0111\u1ed9 C, t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t milim\u00e9t, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 bong tr\u00f3c d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Sau khi th\u1ea5m cacbon, c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ram \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1eeb HRC 58 \u0111\u1ebfn 62 trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00f5i kho\u1ea3ng HRC 30 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba g\u00e3y gi\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tr\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim crom-molypden 42CrMo, mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng, bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed5 \u0111\u1ee1, kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i then hoa v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a gio\u0103ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng nhanh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb HRC 50 \u0111\u1ebfn 55. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00f5i m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfi xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng va \u0111\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi Ra 0,8 micromet, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ecf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00fac ADC12, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00ednh l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n Colombia v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00f9ng cao. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u00f4m gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 40% so v\u1edbi v\u1ecf gang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t xe v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo khi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng treo. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp s\u01a1n t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n, ch\u1ed1ng bong tr\u00f3c, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c va \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Colombia. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f2ng bi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u0103n b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p crom cacbon cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n AISI 52100, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn HRC 60 \u0111\u1ebfn 65 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u0103n t\u1ed1i \u0111a, trong khi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m k\u00edn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cao su nitrile \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ozone v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t trong ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n

7. C\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n
\n
\n

\u0110\u1ed9i xe v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Colombia tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 taxi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n EP-EA02 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, trong khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn cho ph\u00e9p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng xe hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng TransMilenio c\u1ee7a Bogota, c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung chuy\u1ec3n Metro c\u1ee7a Medellin v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Cali l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tri\u1ec3n khai quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Colombia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng giao h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Colombia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao h\u00e0ng ch\u1eb7ng cu\u1ed1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng leo d\u1ed1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai c\u1ee7a Bogota, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng phanh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap thu h\u1ed3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00edn ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9i xe giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i xe<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u1ea1i Colombia chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n EP-EA02 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Giao di\u1ec7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i xe kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb xe c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn xe t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu xe c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9i xe chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng qua \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a giao th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Xe n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Colombia, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, tr\u1ed3ng hoa v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111a d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. H\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o r\u01a1 mo\u00f3c, di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m, trong khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00edn gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong kho, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Colombia, bao g\u1ed3m khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Cartagena, khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n Santa Marta v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea3nh quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00f9ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3n du kh\u00e1ch. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00eam \u00e1i gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng gian y\u00ean t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m tham quan du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u00f9i kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i diesel v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb du l\u1ecbch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Colombia t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 EP-EA02 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, cung c\u1ea5p cho sinh vi\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Colombia, bao g\u1ed3m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y xoay quanh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p tham gia v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Colombia, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n

8. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n
\n

C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Colombia \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. B\u1ed9 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i xe c\u1ed9, v\u1ed1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, trong khi B\u1ed9 Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i xe c\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 va \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Colombia, duy tr\u00ec ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n xe v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u00f4 t\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 1964 n\u0103m 2019 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp khung ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Colombia, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i kinh t\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c mua xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf h\u1ea3i quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf xe h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9i xe. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Bogota, Medellin, Cali, Barranquilla v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed7 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf xe th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Colombia, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m ISO 6336 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ISO 9001 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng rung, \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn c\u1ee7a gio\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n. C\u01a1 quan \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd xe t\u1ea1i Colombia y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c xe \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c gia, bao g\u1ed3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t phanh, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n EP-EA02 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean xe t\u1ea1i Colombia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n

9. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n
\n

Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y phay b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng CNC, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khung qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n EP-EA02 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng Colombia v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng xe v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 dung sai \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u00e2m thanh khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u0111o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i k\u00e8m m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo d\u00f5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim th\u00e9p, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i xe t\u1ea1i Colombia nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

X\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h3>\n
\n
\"Gia
\n\"Ki\u1ec3m
\n\"Quy
\n\"C\u01a1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n

10. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng linh ki\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n

Danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed5 sung, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, x\u00e1c minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe \u0111i\u1ec7n Colombia \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

\n
\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t b\u00e1nh xe ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

Bu l\u00f4ng b\u00e1nh xe ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bth\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o g\u1eafn b\u00e1nh xe ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n b\u00e1nh xe b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 th\u00e9p. D\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bu l\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ren h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh M12 \u00d7 1.5 v\u00e0 M14 \u00d7 1.5 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho xe ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 xe th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i Colombia. M\u1ed7i bu l\u00f4ng b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebdm d\u1ea1ng v\u1ea3y, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, trong khi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1n ren ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo do rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Colombia.<\/p>\n

\"S\u1ea3n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

T\u00edch h\u1ee3p r\u01a1 mo\u00f3c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m tr\u1ee5c r\u01a1 mo\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Colombia c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, r\u01a1 mo\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5c r\u01a1 mo\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi phanh \u0111i\u1ec7n, cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p phanh gi\u1eefa xe k\u00e9o v\u00e0 r\u01a1 mo\u00f3c, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c k\u00edn gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm nh\u00fang n\u00f3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng cao \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb 1000 \u0111\u1ebfn 3500 kg \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Colombia \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00f3c k\u00e9o v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n
\n
\nC\u00e2u 1. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9i xe Colombia n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i xe giao h\u00e0ng sang h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb?<\/summary>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng giao h\u00e0ng trong \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 Barranquilla ho\u1eb7c Cartagena ven bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi 60 km\/gi\u1edd, t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n 11,86 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 leo d\u1ed1c trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Bogota ho\u1eb7c Medellin v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n trung b\u00ecnh 10,03, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 8,2 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xe ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a cao h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. C\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a xe, bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Colombia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nC\u00e2u 2. C\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u1edf Colombia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/summary>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i k\u00e8m m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb xa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ea1i Colombia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tin k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, m\u1eabu k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng xe c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Colombia. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t cho \u0111\u1ed9i xe, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Bogota, Medellin ho\u1eb7c Cali, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Colombia.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nC\u00e2u 3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Colombia n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0o cho h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 taxi ho\u1eb7c giao h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cao?<\/summary>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ed1c 5000 km \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn bu l\u00f4ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c gio\u0103ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i xem c\u00f3 b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ecf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau m\u1ed7i 20000 km, bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gio\u0103ng, x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do va \u0111\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee9t v\u1ecf. Vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed1c 40000 \u0111\u1ebfn 60000 km t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c k\u00edn lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, trong khi c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed5i than kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ed5i than nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169 h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Colombia n\u00ean l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nC\u00e2u 4. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Colombia c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch?<\/summary>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 pin, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd pin. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i Colombia th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i bus CAN cho ph\u00e9p trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd pin, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng phanh t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 10000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng Colombia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eaft m\u00e1y khi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng pin.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nC\u00e2u 5. Khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng xe h\u01a1i \u1edf Colombia n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 hai c\u1ea5p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thay v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p?<\/summary>\n

H\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 hai c\u1ea5p cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady do c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ed5 sung. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Colombia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hai c\u1ea5p bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 140 km\/h, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1ed5 sung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Colombia, bao g\u1ed3m xe giao h\u00e0ng, taxi, xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 xe kh\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, khi\u1ebfn cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1ed5 sung c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 hai c\u1ea5p tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean: PXY<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EP-EA02 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng xo\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00e0nh m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u00e1nh xe, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, c\u1ee5m \u1ed5 bi k\u00edn v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 8,2, 10,03 v\u00e0 11,86 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf xe \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe, chu k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 96% tr\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 10000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":272,"template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[22],"product_tag":[],"class_list":["post-271","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","product_cat-electric-vehicle-gearbox-reducer","first","instock","shipping-taxable","product-type-simple"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=271"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=271"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=271"}],"curies":[{"name":"trang web","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}