{"id":778,"date":"2026-05-27T06:37:39","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T06:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/?post_type=product&p=778"},"modified":"2026-05-27T06:37:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T06:37:39","slug":"4-%e0%ae%9a%e0%ae%be%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%be%e0%ae%b0%e0%ae%a3-%e0%ae%b5%e0%ae%9f%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%9f%e0%ae%a4%e0%af%8d-%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%be%e0%ae%99%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%b3%e0%af%8d","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/ta\/product\/4-%e0%ae%9a%e0%ae%be%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%be%e0%ae%b0%e0%ae%a3-%e0%ae%b5%e0%ae%9f%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%9f%e0%ae%a4%e0%af%8d-%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%be%e0%ae%99%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%b3%e0%af%8d\/","title":{"rendered":"4 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 4 \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf EP-\u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

<\/p>\n

4 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 4 \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf EP-U-\u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u2014 \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0baf\u0bc2-\u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf-\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u2014 \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba3\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. 4 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 4 \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf EP-U-\u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd, \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc7, \u0ba8\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1: \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd A (\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd, \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0bb5\u0bb4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc8) \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd B (\u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd, \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc8). \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8-\u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0b95 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baf \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0baa\u0bbe\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b92\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb8\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0b9c\u0bbf\u0b8e\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf, \u0b9c\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bc7\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3 \u0bb0\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc7 \u0b9a\u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd OEM-\u0ba4\u0bb0 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0b9c \u0b89\u0bb2\u0b95 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc2\u0bb4\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8a\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0bae\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b87\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f, \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc7 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bae\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba9. \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba9. \u0b87\u0bb5\u0bc8, \u0b8a\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf \u0bae\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9 \u2014 \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc8, \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bae\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

1. \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/h2>\n

\u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bc7\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bc8, 4 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 4 \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f EP-U-JOINT \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd A = \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8 (D \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd L \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd); \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd B = \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8 (D \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd O \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd); \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd A\/B = \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba9. O \u0ba8\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc8 (\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd) \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd B \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd; L \u0ba8\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc8 (\u0b92\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd) \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd A \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95, \u0bae\u0bca\u0baa\u0bc8\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd<\/th>\n\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd<\/th>\n\u0b9f\u0bbf<\/th>\n\u0b93<\/th>\n\u0b8e\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/th>\n\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/th>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf\u0b8e\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf<\/th>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf.\u0b95\u0bc7.\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd.<\/th>\n\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-100X<\/td>\n25.4<\/td>\n38.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-100X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-100\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n514<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-101X<\/td>\n23.82<\/td>\n<\/td>\n61.3<\/td>\n5-101X<\/td>\nGU400<\/td>\nHS150<\/td>\n340<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-103X<\/td>\n23.83<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-103X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-103\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\nHS410<\/td>\n338<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-10X<\/td>\n30.188<\/td>\n<\/td>\n106.35<\/td>\n5-10X<\/td>\nGU2050<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd179<\/td>\n330<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-111X<\/td>\n23.825<\/td>\n<\/td>\n61.3<\/td>\n5-111X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd194<\/td>\n\u0b8f\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-113X<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/td>\n81.78<\/td>\n5-113X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-113\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd166<\/td>\n369<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1200X<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n57.4<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1200X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-1200\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n429<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1201X<\/td>\n27\/28.6<\/td>\n55.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1201X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-1201\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1203X<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n67.6<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1203X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-1203\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n433<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b8f\/\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1204X<\/td>\n27\/28.6<\/td>\n67.6<\/td>\n92<\/td>\n5-1204X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd268<\/td>\n434<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-12062X<\/td>\n48.05<\/td>\n<\/td>\n161<\/td>\n5-12062X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1206X<\/td>\n30.188<\/td>\n76.28<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1206X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-1206\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n427<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-12072X<\/td>\n57.05<\/td>\n<\/td>\n162.9<\/td>\n5-12072X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd260<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-12100X<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n<\/td>\n120.4<\/td>\n5-12100X<\/td>\nGU7530<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-121X<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/td>\n81.75<\/td>\n5-121X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-121\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-12213X<\/td>\n38<\/td>\n57.2<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-12213X<\/td>\nGU7300<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-12219X<\/td>\n48.05<\/td>\n<\/td>\n125.8<\/td>\n5-12219X<\/td>\nGU7620<\/td>\nHS272<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-12276X<\/td>\n44.1<\/td>\n<\/td>\n149<\/td>\n5-12276X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-12278X<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n<\/td>\n164<\/td>\n5-12278X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-12924X<\/td>\n52<\/td>\n<\/td>\n133<\/td>\n5-12924X<\/td>\nGU7560<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd282<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-12932X<\/td>\n57.07<\/td>\n<\/td>\n152<\/td>\n5-12932X<\/td>\nGU7630<\/td>\nHS289<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1301X<\/td>\n31.3<\/td>\n71.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1301X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-1301\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n304<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1306X<\/td>\n27.4<\/td>\n50.9<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1306X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-1306\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\nHS442<\/td>\n315\u0b9c\u0bbf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1306X-1<\/td>\n27.4<\/td>\n50.8<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1306X-1<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-1306\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd-1<\/td>\nHS442<\/td>\n317<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1309X<\/td>\n28.6<\/td>\n63.96<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1309X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-1309\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-1312X<\/td>\n28.6\/28.58<\/td>\n91<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n5-1312X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n375<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1312X<\/td>\n28.6\/28.58<\/td>\n91<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n5-1312X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n375<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-13400X<\/td>\n23.825<\/td>\n<\/td>\n61.3<\/td>\n5-111X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n341<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-134X<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/td>\n92\/81.7<\/td>\n5-134X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-134\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n353<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1501X<\/td>\n25.02<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1501X<\/td>\n\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf27<\/td>\nHS420<\/td>\n391<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1502X<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n42<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1502X<\/td>\n\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd13<\/td>\nHS432<\/td>\n394<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1503X<\/td>\n25.02<\/td>\n39.8<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1503X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1505X<\/td>\n28.02<\/td>\n52.9<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1505X<\/td>\n\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf29<\/td>\nHS448<\/td>\n393<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1506X<\/td>\n38<\/td>\n57.2<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1506X<\/td>\nGU7300<\/td>\nHS480<\/td>\n463<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1508X<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n53.6<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1508X<\/td>\n\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd12<\/td>\nHS436<\/td>\n390<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-1509X<\/td>\n28.52<\/td>\n<\/td>\n77.7<\/td>\n5-1509X<\/td>\nGUT14<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd172<\/td>\n396<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-1510X<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n49<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1510X<\/td>\nGUT17<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd454<\/td>\n387<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1511X<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n61<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1511X<\/td>\n\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd20<\/td>\nHS470<\/td>\n389<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-1514X<\/td>\n22.52<\/td>\n34<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1514X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n385<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-1516X<\/td>\n25.02<\/td>\n<\/td>\n76.44<\/td>\n5-1516X<\/td>\nGUM88<\/td>\nHS153<\/td>\n399<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-153X<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/td>\n81.78<\/td>\n5-153X<\/td>\nGU1000<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd166<\/td>\n369<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-155X<\/td>\n34.93<\/td>\n<\/td>\n126.22<\/td>\n5-155X<\/td>\nGU5-155X<\/td>\nHS275<\/td>\n358<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-160X<\/td>\n30.188<\/td>\n<\/td>\n106.35<\/td>\n5-160X<\/td>\nGU2050<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd179<\/td>\n330<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-165X<\/td>\n41.24<\/td>\n<\/td>\n142<\/td>\n5-165X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-165\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd252<\/td>\n359<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-170X<\/td>\n23.83<\/td>\n34.85<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-170X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-170\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\nHS410<\/td>\n338<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-178X<\/td>\n30.188<\/td>\n<\/td>\n92.075<\/td>\n5-178X<\/td>\nGU2200<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd182<\/td>\n331<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-188X<\/td>\n34.93<\/td>\n<\/td>\n106.31<\/td>\n5-188X<\/td>\nGU2300<\/td>\nHS263<\/td>\n351<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-200X<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/td>\n81.78<\/td>\n5-200X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-200\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd166<\/td>\n329<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b8f\/\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-212X<\/td>\n27.02\/28.6<\/td>\n60.2<\/td>\n92<\/td>\n5-212X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-212\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n355<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-213X<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/td>\n92<\/td>\n5-213X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-213\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n354<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b8f\/\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-248X<\/td>\n25.39\/27<\/td>\n38.6<\/td>\n62<\/td>\n5-248X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n361<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-251X<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/td>\n81.75<\/td>\n5-251X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-251\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd166<\/td>\n369<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\"\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd<\/th>\n\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd<\/th>\n\u0b9f\u0bbf<\/th>\n\u0b93<\/th>\n\u0b8e\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/th>\n\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/th>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf\u0b8e\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf<\/th>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf.\u0b95\u0bc7.\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd.<\/th>\n\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-2532X<\/td>\n28.6<\/td>\n49<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-2532X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n513<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-260X<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n52.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-260X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-260\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd162<\/td>\n365<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-263X<\/td>\n34.93<\/td>\n<\/td>\n106.31<\/td>\n5-263X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-263\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\nHS263<\/td>\n351<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-273X<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n67.6<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-273X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-273\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n433<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-275X<\/td>\n34.93<\/td>\n<\/td>\n126.22<\/td>\n5-275X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-275\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\nHS275<\/td>\n358<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-297X<\/td>\n30.2<\/td>\n52.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-297X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-297\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\nHS457<\/td>\n371<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-297X-1<\/td>\n30.2<\/td>\n52.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-297X-1<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-297\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd-1<\/td>\nHS457<\/td>\n377<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-3011X<\/td>\n28.6<\/td>\n59.9<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-3011X<\/td>\n<\/td>\nHS453<\/td>\n492<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b8f\/\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-3022X<\/td>\n27\/28.6<\/td>\n60.2<\/td>\n81.78<\/td>\n5-3022X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n372<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-3147X<\/td>\n28.6<\/td>\n60.2<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-3147X<\/td>\nGU6370<\/td>\nHS451<\/td>\n534\u0b9c\u0bbf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-350X<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n56.8<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-350X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n366<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b8f\/\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-353X<\/td>\n27\/27.4<\/td>\n50.8\/56.8<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-353X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-353\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n319<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-431X<\/td>\n33.3<\/td>\n<\/td>\n67.48<\/td>\n5-431X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf\u0b9c\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bbf-44\u0b86\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n888<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-443X<\/td>\n27.01<\/td>\n<\/td>\n61.95<\/td>\n5-443X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-443\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd197<\/td>\n437\u0b9c\u0bbf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b8f\/\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-450X<\/td>\n27.01\/27<\/td>\n52.5<\/td>\n81.78<\/td>\n5-450X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n455<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n5-4X<\/td>\n27.009<\/td>\n<\/td>\n74.6<\/td>\n5-4X<\/td>\nGU1100<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd195<\/td>\n344<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b8f\/\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-544X<\/td>\n28.6\/27<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n81.4<\/td>\n5-544X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n372<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-74X<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n52.4<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-74X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf5-260\u0b8e\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd<\/td>\nHS441<\/td>\n356<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\n5-92X<\/td>\n24.61<\/td>\n34.36<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-92X<\/td>\n\u0b9c\u0bbf\u0b9c\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b8e\u0bb2\u0bcd-6\u0b86\u0bb0\u0bcd<\/td>\nHS416<\/td>\n861<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU1000<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/td>\n81.8<\/td>\n5-153X<\/td>\nGU1000<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd166<\/td>\n369<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU1100<\/td>\n27.01<\/td>\n<\/td>\n74.6<\/td>\n<\/td>\nGU1100<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd195<\/td>\n344<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU2050<\/td>\n30.188<\/td>\n<\/td>\n106.35<\/td>\n5-160X<\/td>\nGU2050<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd179<\/td>\n330<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU2200<\/td>\n30.188<\/td>\n<\/td>\n92.075<\/td>\n5-178X<\/td>\nGU2200<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd182<\/td>\n331<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU2300<\/td>\n34.93<\/td>\n<\/td>\n106.31<\/td>\n5-188X<\/td>\nGU2300<\/td>\nHS263<\/td>\n351<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\nGU2500<\/td>\n31.25<\/td>\n46<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1300X<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU3000<\/td>\n39.69<\/td>\n<\/td>\n115.95<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU3500<\/td>\n34.93<\/td>\n<\/td>\n126.22<\/td>\n<\/td>\nGU3500<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd176<\/td>\n370<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU3810<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n<\/td>\n152.6<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU3850<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n<\/td>\n127<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU4000<\/td>\n47.65<\/td>\n<\/td>\n135<\/td>\n<\/td>\nGU4000<\/td>\nHS316<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU4470<\/td>\n42.12<\/td>\n<\/td>\n104.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0baf\u0bc1447<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU5000<\/td>\n49.2<\/td>\n<\/td>\n154.9<\/td>\n<\/td>\nGU5000<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU7280\/4<\/td>\n24.09<\/td>\n<\/td>\n74.55<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\nGU7300<\/td>\n38<\/td>\n57.2<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5-1506X<\/td>\n\u0baf\u0bc1730<\/td>\nHS480<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU7420<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/td>\n81.8<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU7430<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n<\/td>\n96.8<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0baf\u0bc1743<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd222<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU7440<\/td>\n38.03<\/td>\n<\/td>\n105.6<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0baf\u0bc1744<\/td>\nHS236<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0baa\u0bbf<\/td>\nGU7470<\/td>\n42<\/td>\n66<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU7530<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n<\/td>\n120.4<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd260<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU7560<\/td>\n52.1<\/td>\n<\/td>\n133<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0baf\u0bc1756<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd282<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU7610<\/td>\n53<\/td>\n<\/td>\n135<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0baf\u0bc1761<\/td>\nHS284<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU7620<\/td>\n48.05<\/td>\n<\/td>\n125.8<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0baf\u0bc1762<\/td>\nHS272<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU7630<\/td>\n57<\/td>\n<\/td>\n152<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0baf\u0bc1763<\/td>\nHS289<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU7650<\/td>\n48<\/td>\n<\/td>\n126<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0baf\u0bc1765<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU7670<\/td>\n48.03<\/td>\n<\/td>\n115.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0baf\u0bc1767<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nGU8130<\/td>\n57<\/td>\n<\/td>\n144<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0baf\u0bc1813<\/td>\n\u0b8e\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b8e\u0bb8\u0bcd288<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\n\u0baf\u0bc1990<\/td>\n57.07<\/td>\n<\/td>\n152<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nSPL140-1X<\/td>\n49.22<\/td>\n<\/td>\n139<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nSPL170-1X<\/td>\n55<\/td>\n<\/td>\n165<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nSPL250-1X<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n<\/td>\n163<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nSPL70-1X<\/td>\n34.9<\/td>\n<\/td>\n126.1<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nSPL90-1X<\/td>\n41.28<\/td>\n<\/td>\n126<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nST1538<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n<\/td>\n38<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1<\/td>\nST1539<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

2. \u0b90\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/h2>\n
\n
\n

1 \u2014 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b92\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1, FIG A (\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3) \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd FIG B (\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf) \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bca\u0b95\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe, \u0bae\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b92\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8-\u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc7 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd 5-1204X \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 5-1312X \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 A\/B \u0b87\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8-\u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9. \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1, \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

2 \u2014 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9 OEM \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1-\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Every universal joint in this series is cross-referenced against SPICER, GMB, GKN, and PRECISION OEM and aftermarket standards. For automotive parts distributors serving repair shops that maintain a mixed fleet \u2014 North American pickups, European sedans, Japanese SUVs, and Korean commercial vans \u2014 this comprehensive cross-reference coverage allows parts staff to confirm the correct replacement part number quickly without consulting multiple separate catalogs. The listed cross-references include both the original SPICER 5-series numbering and equivalent GMB, GKN, and PRECISION codes, ensuring compatibility confirmation regardless of which reference the vehicle’s service documentation uses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

3 \u2014 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f NVH-\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba8\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd (D) \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba3\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b9c\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 (NVH) \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0b92\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

4 \u2014 \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc7\u0b9c\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Journal diameters (D) in this range span from approximately 22.52 mm (part 5-1514X) to 57.07 mm (part 5-12932X), with assembled lengths (L) reaching 164 mm in the largest FIG A configuration and outer cap diameters (O) extending to 91 mm in the larger FIG B universal joint types. This breadth covers the full spectrum from compact passenger car propeller shaft joints through to the heavy-duty truck and agricultural machinery applications that drive the largest share of demand in Colombia’s transport, logistics, and farming sectors. Buyers rarely need to go outside this product series to cover their vehicle range \u2014 whether they service steering column universal joints, driveshaft U-joints, or PTO driveline crosses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

5 \u2014 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b95\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Type B grooved round bearing cup is engineered for applications where plain cups reach their lubrication limits \u2014 high continuous torque, large sustained working angles, or operating environments where vehicle re-greasing intervals are extended. The circumferential grooves in the bore ensure that the grease film distributes consistently around the needle roller track even under centrifugal loading from high shaft RPM. For heavy-duty truck universal joints operating along Colombia’s long-distance Andean freight corridors, and for agricultural equipment universal joints running PTO-powered machinery across variable terrain, this design choice provides a measurable improvement in grease retention and bearing fatigue life compared to standard plain-bore alternatives.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

3. \u0b89\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8<\/h2>\n

The fundamental operating principle of a universal joint is the mechanical accommodation of torque transmission between two shafts whose rotational axes intersect at an angle. At the mechanical core of every universal joint is the cross assembly (also called the spider or journal cross) \u2014 a precision-machined component with four cylindrical trunnions arranged in two perpendicular pairs. Each trunnion fits into a hardened bearing cup that contains a set of needle roller bearings. One pair of opposing trunnions connects to the driving yoke; the perpendicular pair connects to the driven yoke. As the driving shaft rotates, it forces the cross to rotate, which in turn drives the second yoke and the connected driven shaft. Because the two yoke planes are perpendicular, the joint accommodates a continuous change in shaft angle through each revolution without disconnecting the torque path. This is what makes the universal joint an enabling component in virtually every vehicle driveshaft system \u2014 from the propeller shaft in a rear-wheel-drive car to the steering universal joint in a truck’s steering column.<\/p>\n

\u0b92\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc2\u0b9c\u0bcd\u0b9c\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba3 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b8e\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba3\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8, \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u2014 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc0\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1, \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba3\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9: \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bae\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b83\u0baa\u0bb0\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bc7, \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1, \u0bae\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba4 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf, \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u2014 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bae\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd (\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd B), \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc0\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baf PTO \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba3\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b89\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc2\u0bb4\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

4. \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd<\/h2>\n

\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0b92\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9c\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bb8\u0bcd, \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0b83\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bcb \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0baf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcb \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b95\u0bc7\u0bb8\u0bcd-\u0bb9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc2-\u0bb9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb9\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b9c\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 (\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd) \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc7 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u2014 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bae\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8, \u0b9c\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1, \u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0ba8\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0b9c\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 (D) \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u00b10.005 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc0 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u00b10.010 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc0 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bc7, \u0b87\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc0\u0bb2\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

\u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd (\u0bae\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd) \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc7\u0bb8\u0bcd-\u0bb9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0b83\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0b87\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc7\u0bb8\u0bcd-\u0bb9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b8a\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd B-\u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1, \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1, \u0b9a\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc2\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b8a\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd (\u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 ISO \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd 3 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1) \u0b9a\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bae\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, C-\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, U-\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8a\u0b9a\u0bbf-\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf SPICER, GMB, GKN \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 PRECISION \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1-\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 OEM \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9 \u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b87\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bae\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb1 \u0b8e\u0b83\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc2\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc2\u0b9a\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

5. \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc2\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/h2>\n

EP-U-JOINT \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc2\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9.<\/p>\n

\n
\n

\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9 \u0b89\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 (\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 4WD)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb1 \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b83\u0baa\u0bb0\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u2014 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b83\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc7\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb1 \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b9a\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba3\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9c\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0baa\u0bca\u0b95\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb1 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb1 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0ba8\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8, \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc7 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bb3 (\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd A) \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f (\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd B) \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0b95\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n

For universal joint truck applications \u2014 multi-axle freight trucks, city buses, and heavy-duty logistics vehicles operating across Colombia’s national road network \u2014 the journal cross experiences substantially higher torque loads and more demanding duty cycles than passenger car applications. Grooved round bearing cups (FIG B) are frequently specified in OEM truck driveshafts for their improved grease retention under sustained high-torque conditions. The larger-diameter part numbers in this series \u2014 including 5-1506X (D=38 mm), 5-1511X (D=32 mm), and 5-12100X (D=45 mm) \u2014 are dimensioned specifically for this segment, providing the bearing surface area needed to manage the contact stress levels generated by heavy vehicle GVW torque demands.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc0\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n

The steering universal joint connects the steering wheel column to the steering rack or gear input shaft, accommodating the angular offset between the driver’s steering column and the steering gear location in the engine bay or chassis. Steering column universal joints operate at much lower torque than driveshaft joints but at much higher joint angles and with much more frequent direction changes \u2014 every steering input produces a change in joint loading direction. The steering universal joint must provide minimal backlash and smooth, consistent torque transfer to maintain precise steering feel. This product series includes several part numbers dimensioned for steering column applications, where the plain bearing cup design is most common and where dimensional accuracy is paramount for steering response quality.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baf \u0b87\u0baf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd PTO \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n

In Colombia’s agricultural equipment sector \u2014 including tractors, harvesters, and soil preparation implements widely used in the coffee, sugarcane, and rice-producing regions of Antioquia, Valle del Cauca, and the Llanos \u2014 the universal joint in car and farm equipment applications must accommodate the high angles and shock load reversals typical of PTO driveline operation. Agricultural PTO drivelines commonly operate at joint angles between 15\u00b0 and 25\u00b0, significantly higher than standard propeller shaft applications, which demands robust lubrication retention. Both plain and grooved bearing type universal joints appear in this sector, with the grooved type offering longer re-greasing intervals that reduce service requirements on equipment operating far from the nearest dealer in rural areas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0baf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Beyond on-road vehicles, the universal joint types catalog serves industrial machinery applications where torque must be transferred between non-collinear shafts in concrete mixers, mining conveyors, pump drives, and industrial fans. In Colombia’s active mining sector (coal in Boyac\u00e1 and Cesar; gold and silver in Antioquia) and in the industrial zones around Barranquilla, Cartagena, and Cali, industrial universal joints face demanding duty cycles including continuous operation, heavy unidirectional torque, and exposure to dust, water, and vibration. The heavy-duty part numbers in this series \u2014 with journal diameters up to 57.07 mm \u2014 cover industrial driveline applications alongside their commercial vehicle equivalents, providing a universal impact joint solution across multiple industry segments.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

6. \u0b92\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/h2>\n

\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bc8. \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe \u2014 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9 \u0b89\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd:<\/strong> In Colombia, road vehicles are subject to roadworthiness requirements under Decreto 1079 de 2015 (Decreto \u00danico Reglamentario del Sector Transporte) administered by the Ministerio de Transporte. Vehicles registered in the RUNT (Registro \u00danico Nacional de Tr\u00e1nsito) must meet minimum safety and roadworthiness standards that encompass driveshaft and steering system integrity. For commercial freight vehicles, the Ministerio de Transporte’s periodic technical inspection requirements (Revisi\u00f3n T\u00e9cnico-Mec\u00e1nica y de Gases, administered through CDA centers) include driveshaft and undercarriage inspections where universal joint condition is evaluated. Automotive parts imported into Colombia are subject to DIAN (Direcci\u00f3n de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales) customs classification under HS heading 8708 (parts and accessories of motor vehicles), and ICONTEC (Instituto Colombiano de Normas T\u00e9cnicas y Certificaci\u00f3n) NTC standards may apply to vehicle component safety at the national level. Importers should confirm the applicable tariff subheading and any applicable NTC requirements before placing commercial orders.<\/p>\n

\u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9a \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd:<\/strong> ISO 7646 (Road Vehicles \u2014 Universal Joints of the Cardan Type \u2014 Dimensions and Connection Parameters) provides the international dimensional framework for automotive driveshaft universal joint types, defining journal dimensions, bearing cup sizes, and yoke connection parameters. ISO 9679 covers universal joints for agricultural machinery PTO drivelines, establishing torque rating and safety guarding requirements relevant to the agricultural applications of this product. In Europe, the Machinery Directive 2006\/42\/EC applies to PTO-driven agricultural equipment, requiring CE conformity for machinery that includes power transmission components such as universal joint cross assemblies. For automotive applications in the EU, ECE Regulation No. 43 and related vehicle type approval requirements govern driveshaft component performance. SAE standard J1050 (Universal Joint and Driveshaft Design Manual, published by SAE International) and AGMA standards for power transmission components provide the technical benchmarks for North American market applications. In Brazil (Colombia’s Mercosul trade partner), ABNT NBR 11900 and related standards govern automotive parts quality and interchangeability.<\/p>\n

\u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0baa\u0b95\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1:<\/strong> \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd, PTO \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 2015 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bc8 1072 (\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1), \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u2014 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f PTO \u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b89\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f \u2014 \u0bae\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. ASABE \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8 S206 (\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0baa\u0b95\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd), PTO \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9a \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc7 \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b8e\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bb3 \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc2\u0bb4\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

7. \u0b8e\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf<\/h2>\n

\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb5\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0bb5\u0bc0\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb9\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b95\u0bb5\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b8e\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd 35,000 \u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb0 \u0bae\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba9. \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bc8 CNC \u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb9\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bbe \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1-\u0b85\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba9. \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0b95 ISO 9001 \u0ba4\u0bb0 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b8e\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd OEM \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1-\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb5\u0ba3\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b8e\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0b95 \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8, \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b92\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc2\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bbe \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1-\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf, \u0ba8\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b87\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc0\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95, \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bb2\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb1\u0bc8<\/h3>\n
\n
\"\u0b89\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf
\n\"CNC
\n\"\u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95
\n\"\u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

8. \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8<\/h2>\n

\u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u2014 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc0\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9. \u0b8e\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf, \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3 \u0b87\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bcb\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b8e\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc7 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd-\u0b85\u0baa\u0bcd \u0b85\u0baa\u0bbe\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

\n
\n

\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0 \u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf \u0b85\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0 \u0bb9\u0baa\u0bcd, \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u2014 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 CV \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u2014 \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb9\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1, \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc2\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b89\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc7 \u0b9a\u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0 \u0bb9\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc2\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0baa\u0bbe\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b8e\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b86\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0 \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc2\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

\"\u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0b85\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd, \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b83\u0baa\u0bb0\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc0\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb9\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b9a\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc0\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b99\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb8\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b83\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9c\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u2014 \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bc8, \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bae\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bcb \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bcb \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b8e\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3 \u0bb0\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 OEM \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc7 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8, \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bae\u0ba4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

\"\u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc7\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/h2>\n
\n
\nQ1. What is a universal joint, and why does it fail on vehicles operated in Colombia’s mountain roads?<\/summary>\n

A universal joint is a mechanical coupling that transmits torque between two shafts at an angle, using a cross-shaped journal assembly with four needle-roller bearing cups. On Colombia’s Andean routes \u2014 where vehicles constantly navigate steep grades, tight bends, and potholed surfaces \u2014 the universal joint in car and truck applications experiences higher-than-average cyclic torque and angle variation compared to flat highway driving. These conditions accelerate grease breakdown and needle roller wear. Routine inspection and timely universal joint replacement are the most effective preventive measures. Signs of a failing joint include vibration during acceleration, clunking sounds during gear changes, and squeaking on low-speed maneuvers.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nQ2. What is the main function of a universal joint in a rear-wheel drive vehicle’s driveshaft system?<\/summary>\n

The main function of a universal joint in a rear-wheel drive driveshaft is to maintain a continuous torque connection between the transmission output shaft and the rear differential input shaft while accommodating the vertical movement of the rear axle as the suspension compresses and extends over road irregularities. Without the universal joint’s angular flexibility, the rigid driveshaft would bind or break every time the suspension moved. In practice, most rear-wheel drive propeller shafts use two universal joints \u2014 one at each end \u2014 with matched angles to cancel velocity variation and deliver smooth, constant rotation speed to the differential despite the continuous angle changes during driving.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\n\u0b95\u0bc73. \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b83\u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9f\u0bca\u0baf\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1?<\/summary>\n

The most reliable approach is to identify the SPICER 5-series part number from the vehicle’s service manual, OEM parts catalog, or by measuring the existing joint’s journal diameter (D) and overall length (L) or cap diameter (O). Once you have the SPICER cross-reference number, compare it against the SPICER column in our specification table to identify the matching EP part number. Alternatively, use the GMB, GKN, or PRECISION cross-reference numbers if your service documentation uses those codes. For popular Colombian-market vehicles like the Toyota Hilux, Ford Ranger, and Chevrolet D-MAX, several widely used universal joint application numbers appear repeatedly in fleet service data \u2014 our technical team can help confirm the correct number for your specific model year.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\nQ4. Which universal joint types are best suited for heavy freight trucks operating on Colombia’s Ruta 40 or Ruta 25 highways?<\/summary>\n

For heavy universal joint truck applications on Colombia’s long-distance freight corridors, grooved round bearing cups (FIG B) are generally preferable over plain cups for two reasons: first, the grooves distribute grease more effectively under sustained high-torque conditions; second, they extend lubrication intervals, reducing the maintenance stops required on long-haul routes where stopping to grease a driveshaft is operationally inconvenient. The larger-diameter entries in this series \u2014 5-1506X (D=38 mm, O=57.2 mm), 5-1511X (D=32 mm, O=61 mm), and 5-1301X (D=31.3 mm, O=71.5 mm) \u2014 are sized for the commercial vehicle segment. Confirming the exact journal diameter against the vehicle’s service data is always the first step before ordering any heavy-duty universal joint replacement part.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\n\u0b95\u0bc75. \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc7\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9, \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb7\u0bbe\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bca\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd?<\/summary>\n

A universal joint transmits torque through a cross-and-yoke assembly and inherently introduces cyclic velocity variation at non-zero working angles. A constant velocity (CV) joint uses a ball-and-groove mechanism to deliver constant output rotation regardless of joint angle. CV joints are used on the front axle drive shafts of front-wheel-drive and all-wheel-drive vehicles where both torque transmission and steering angle must be accommodated simultaneously. Universal joints remain the dominant choice for propeller shaft applications in rear-wheel-drive trucks and commercial vehicles due to their higher torque capacity, simpler construction, easier replacement, and lower cost \u2014 all characteristics that favor the universal joint in truck and commercial vehicle applications throughout Colombia’s freight sector.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

\n\u0b95\u0bc76. \u0b85\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb2\u0bc7\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b9a\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b8e\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4, \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bc7 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bb8\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1?<\/summary>\n

Remove the old universal joint from the yoke and measure the journal diameter (D) with a micrometer \u2014 measure at least three positions along the trunnion length to confirm it is cylindrical and to identify any wear. For FIG A types, measure the overall length (L) from the end of one cap to the end of the opposing cap. For FIG B types, measure the outer diameter (O) of one bearing cup. Compare these measurements against the D, L, and O columns in the specification table above. If two or more part numbers share the same D and L (or D and O) dimensions, verify the cross-reference numbers in the SPICER or GMB column against the vehicle’s service documentation to confirm the exact match. Minor dimensional differences between closely related universal joint types (such as 5-113X and 5-153X, both D=27 and L=81.78) may be distinguished only by the vehicle make, model year, and OEM cross-reference designation.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd: PXY<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1, 4 \u0ba4\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 4 \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf, \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1: \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd (D) 15 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc0 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd 60 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc0 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd (O) 34.36 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc0 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd 67.6 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc0 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd (L) 38 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc0 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd 165 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc0 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1. SPICER, GMB, GKN, PRECISION \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, 5-2532X, 5-260X, GU \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba9. \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba4\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0ba8\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd, \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb5\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc2\u0bb4\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":779,"template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[47],"product_tag":[],"class_list":["post-778","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","product_cat-universal-joint","first","instock","shipping-taxable","product-type-simple"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/automatictransmissionpart.com\/ta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}